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### Trade Policy Shift Vital for Sri Lanka’s Growth Transition 📈

A disciplined transition from economic stabilization to structural growth is essential to avoid "reform fatigue," according to economist Talal Rafi at the Softlogic Stockbrokers Investor Forum 2026. • Macroeconomic Recovery Highlights: Debt-to-GDP reduced from 128% to nearly 100%. Interest payments as a % of revenue dropped from 80% to approximately 50%. Gross financing needs declined from 34% to 20% of GDP. Foreign reserves projected to rise from US$ 6.8 Bn to US$ 8.8 Bn by year-end 2026. • Growth Outlook & Targets: IMF growth projections: 2.9% for 2026 and 3.1% for 2027. Shift required from consumption-led recovery to productivity-driven growth. Resumption of bilateral debt repayments in 2028 will add ~US$ 1 Bn annually to obligations. • Strategic Sector Opportunities: Renewable Energy: Capitalizing on global demand for green power and data centers. Logistics & Shipping: Leveraging strategic maritime routes and integration with Southern India. ICT/BPM: Expanding IT-enabled services and technology adoption. Tourism: Essential for sustained external sector strength and diversification. • Key Risks & Challenges: Potential US$ 700 Mn impact on external balances due to import widening and reconstruction. Risks of fiscal slippage, political cycles, and global commodity volatility. Need for urgent reforms in State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), labor markets, and land regulation. _Summary based on forum proceedings and provisional economic projections._

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IMF: Sri Lanka Must Transition from Stabilization to Economic Transformation 📈

The IMF Resident Representative, Dr. Martha Woldemichael, emphasized at the Softlogic Stockbrokers Investor Forum that while recovery is a "success story," it remains fragile and requires sustained reform momentum to improve national living standards. • Economic Performance & Targets Real GDP grew by 5% in 2024 (following a 4.8% average contraction in 2022-2023). Inflation fell to 2.3% YoY as of January 2025; Reserves stood at US$ 6.8 Bn at year-end 2024. Tax Revenue increased significantly from 7.3% of GDP in 2022 to 12.4% in 2024. EFF Program: 4 out of 8 reviews completed with approx. US$ 1.74 Bn disbursed to date. • Key Pillars for Transformation Trade & Investment: Focus on trade liberalization, reducing tariffs, and streamlining customs to integrate into global supply chains. Digitalization: Accelerating digital tools in tax administration and public services to reduce corruption. Labor Market: Reforms to increase flexibility and boost female labor force participation to drive growth. Sector Focus: Strengthening tourism through sustainability and enhancing infrastructure connectivity. • Governance & Stability Emphasis on Central Bank independence, fiscal credibility, and rebuilding buffers to absorb future shocks. Debt restructuring is nearing completion, aiming for long-term sustainability. Social safety nets are prioritized, especially as recent natural disasters have put 10% of the population at risk of poverty.

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🚨 IMF Visit Sparked by Climate Crisis Amid Policy Backlash 📉

IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva concluded a high-profile visit to Sri Lanka (Feb 16-18) to assess the devastation from Cyclone Ditwah. While the IMF frames the visit as recovery support, local collectives are calling for "debt justice" as the country faces a 35-year low in human development. • Cyclone Impact & Relief World Bank estimates direct physical damage at US$ 4.1 Bn (approx. 4% of GDP). The NPP government allocated LKR 500 Bn for relief, but critics argue IMF-mandated fiscal constraints prevent a meaningful recovery for the agriculture and SME sectors. • Fiscal Pressures (2025) Interest payments on debt reached 8.9% of GDP, nearly five times the combined health and education budget. VAT at 18% continues to squeeze household budgets, with new levies on school supplies reportedly driving up dropout rates. Over 1 million households have been disconnected from the electricity grid due to cost-reflective pricing. • Debt Restructuring "Time Bomb" The 2024 debt deal is criticized for protecting foreign creditors while "weaponizing" worker pension funds. A critical juncture is expected after 2027, when Macro-Linked Bonds (MLBs) begin imposing higher costs if the economy recovers, potentially triggering a new cycle of austerity. • Sector Outlook Agriculture: US$ 814 Mn in damages to crops and livestock. Infrastructure: Highest loss at US$ 1.73 Bn, disrupting connectivity. Digital Economy: 18% VAT on digital services set to take effect April 2026. _Summary based on provisional disaster assessments and 2025-2026 economic data._

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CBSL Governor Reassures Investors on Debt & Growth Outlook 📈

The Sri Lanka–Germany Business Council recently hosted CBSL Governor Dr. Nandalal Weerasinghe to discuss the nation’s 2026 economic trajectory. The Governor emphasized that stabilization is on track, supported by a low-interest-rate environment conducive to private sector investment. • Macroeconomic Outlook The economy is projected to maintain growth (estimated at 4-5% for 2026) with inflation anchored at mid-single-digit levels (approx. 5% target by H2 2026). The Governor dismissed concerns over external debt repayments starting in 2028, citing established fiscal buffers. • Sectoral & External Performance External Inflows: Increased remittances from skilled migrants and a rise in recorded earnings from freelancers have boosted reserves. Aviation: Progress in SriLankan Airlines' debt restructuring is expected to improve the national sovereign credit profile. ICT/BPM & Services: Highlighted as key growth areas, with a focus on high-end, technology-driven exports to remain globally competitive. • Program Updates & Risks The IMF-supported program remains on track despite a slight delay in the fifth review due to post-program assessments. Global risks identified include geopolitical tensions and potential disruptions from Artificial Intelligence (AI). • Key Highlights Inflation: Stabilized at 2.3% (Jan 2026). Reserves: Surpassed US$ 6.8 Bn by end-2025; targeting US$ 10 Bn in the medium term. Monetary Policy: Accommodative stance maintained to support business planning.

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### IMF Chief Declares Sri Lanka’s Recovery a “Success Story” 📈

IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva visited the Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) on 17 February 2026, marking the 75th anniversary of both institutions. The visit highlighted Sri Lanka's transition from an unprecedented economic crisis to a stabilized economy. • Overall Performance: The IMF MD officially recognized Sri Lanka’s execution of the current Extended Fund Facility (EFF) as a global success story, praising the CBSL for restoring macroeconomic stability. • Key Economic Outlook: • Growth Projection: While the IMF projects a 2026 trend growth of 3.1%, the CBSL Governor estimated a more optimistic 4%–5% growth rate for the year. • Inflation: Headline inflation (Y-o-Y) was recorded at 2.3% in January 2026, up slightly from 2.1% in December 2025. • Fiscal Stability: The country has successfully facilitated the debt restructuring process and maintained foreign exchange reserve growth. • Sectoral focus & Reforms: • Structural Reforms: Continued growth is contingent on sustaining reforms in the energy sector (cost recovery) and financial sector policies. • Disaster Response: Discussions integrated recovery efforts for the agriculture and infrastructure sectors following Cyclone Ditwah, supported by a US$ 206 Mn Rapid Financing Instrument. • Strategic Support: The CBSL acknowledged critical IMF technical assistance in monetary policy modeling and macroprudential analysis to safeguard the financial system.

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📈 Sri Lanka’s Economic Outlook: Balancing Recovery & Stability

Sri Lanka continues its trajectory toward economic stability, navigating post-default recovery while addressing systemic governance and climate-related shocks. Based on current reporting, the following breakdown highlights the national economic standing: • Macro-Economic Performance: The economy grew by 5.0% in 2024, a significant rebound from the -9.5% contraction seen between 2021-2023. Inflation reached temporary deflationary territory in late 2024 (approx. -1.7%) before stabilizing. • Fiscal & Debt Status: Public debt stands at approximately 102.4% of GDP as of end-2024. Despite the US$ 51 Bn debt default in 2022, the primary surplus reached 2.2% of GDP, surpassing IMF targets. The IMF recently provided US$ 206 Mn via the Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) for disaster relief. • Sector Highlights & Reforms: • Apparel & Textiles: Remains a cornerstone for foreign exchange, though trade-related uncertainties persist. • Tourism: Significant turnaround with 2025 arrivals expected to reach an all-time high of 2.5 Mn. • Automotive: The government officially lifted the 2020 import ban on vehicles in February 2025, implementing a staged re-opening to boost customs revenue. • Governance & Risks: Sri Lanka’s Corruption Perception Index (CPI) rank improved to 107th in 2025 (up 14 places). However, Cyclone Ditwah (Nov 2025) caused an estimated US$ 4.1 Bn in direct damage, equivalent to 4% of GDP, impacting infrastructure and agriculture. _Note: Summary based on provisional 2025-2026 economic data and reports._

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Headline: Beyond Recovery – Urgent Call for Structural Transformation in Sri Lanka 📈

• Overall Assessment: Prof. O.G. Dayaratna-Banda warns that while Sri Lanka’s recovery from the post-2019 collapse is "rapidly" progressing—with stabilized inflation and rebounding growth—it must not be mistaken for permanent transformation. • Sector Breakdown: • Services: Now the economy's "glue," accounting for 57% of GDP and 50% of employment. • ICT/BPM & Modern Services: The transition from low-value tasks to high-complexity sectors like AI-driven analytics, fintech, and logistics is critical for productivity. • Agriculture & Industry: Productivity in these sectors is now heavily dependent on efficient, modern services. • Economic Costs of Corruption: Historical data from Prof. Indraratna (2007) highlights that public sector corruption absorbs approx. 8.5% of GDP, effectively slashing annual growth by 2 percentage points. • Key Barriers to Growth: • Red Tape: Starting a business requires navigating at least 14 government agencies, leading to institutional inertia. • Skills Mismatch: Weak broadband and outdated curricula hinder the knowledge economy. • Bureaucracy: Digitalization remains "rhetoric" as long as regulations demand physical paper over digital copies. • Future Outlook: Based on provisional analysis, lasting growth requires moving beyond "low-technology traps" toward high-value, tradable services and radical institutional honesty. 🇱🇰

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Sri Lanka Targets Debt Completion Amid Cyclone Recovery 📈

• Overall Progress & Stability Treasury Secretary Dr. Harshana Suriyapperuma confirmed Sri Lanka is on track to finalize external debt restructuring. Public debt has dropped significantly to 105% of GDP (mid-2025) from a 2022 peak of 145%. Macroeconomic stability remains resilient, supported by nine consecutive quarters of positive growth. • IMF & Fiscal Update The IMF EFF 5th review is set for approval in early 2026, unlocking a US$ 350 Mn tranche. • Primary Balance: Improved from a 3.7% deficit (2022) to a 3.8% surplus (2025). • Revenue: Vehicle import relaxation generated Rs. 904 Bn in taxes, doubling projections. • Reserves: Current account recorded a US$ 1.7 Bn surplus in 2025. • Debt Restructuring Breakdown Agreements now cover 99% of external debt, with 92% fully restructured. • Bilateral: Agreements signed with 9 OCC members (Japan, India, etc.) for US$ 4.2 Bn. • Commercial: 98% of International Sovereign Bonds (ISBs) were exchanged by Dec 2024. • Ratings: Upgraded to CCC+ by all major agencies post-bond exchange. • Cyclone Ditwah Impact The late-2025 cyclone caused US$ 4.1 Bn in damage (approx. 4% of GDP). • Recovery: US$ 1.62 Bn allocated in the 2026 Budget for housing and transport reconstruction. • Funding: US$ 206 Mn secured via IMF emergency financing; Rs. 8.5 Bn raised via local funds. • Sector Performance Tourism saw record arrivals of 2.34 Mn in 2025, with a strong Q1 2026 rebound. SOE reforms continue, focusing on unbundling the CEB and cost-reflective pricing.

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Post-Cyclone Ditwah: Leveraging Geodata for MSME Recovery 📈

A recent study by the Institute of Policy Studies (IPS) highlights the critical role of geolocation data in coordinating disaster recovery for Sri Lanka’s micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) following Cyclone Ditwah. • Exposure Analysis Based on a survey of 2,500 MSMEs, 18.3% (460 firms) were at least moderately exposed to floods or landslides. Approximately 2.4% faced high exposure, situated directly within or within 20m of impact zones, risking severe physical damage. • Sector & Demographic Breakdown Manufacturing: Most exposed sector, comprising 38.5% of the survey sample. Trade & Retail: 14% of the sample; also faced significant supply chain disruptions. Agriculture & Fisheries: 7.8% of the sample. Vulnerability: 52.4% of businesses within 200m of impact zones are woman-owned. • Financial & Structural Risks Insurance Gap: Despite 54.3% of firms having experienced prior climate disasters, only 14% held private insurance, increasing the fiscal burden on the state. Debt Burden: 33.8% of MSMEs in proximity to impact zones carry existing loans, while 32% face active credit constraints. Awareness: 52.5% of high-risk MSMEs lack an understanding of national building standards, hindering climate resilience. • Policy Recommendations Experts urge the creation of a centralized MSME database integrated with the Department of Census and Statistics. Incorporating geocoordinates at the registration stage is seen as vital for rapid fund mobilization, reducing misallocation, and streamlining recovery. _Note: Analysis based on provisional January 2025 survey data combined with UNOSAT impact maps._

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📈 Beyond Stabilization: The Push for 7-8% Growth

The Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) projects a 4-5% GDP growth for 2026, signaling economic stabilization. However, experts argue this "moderate recovery" may not be enough to ensure long-term prosperity without a deeper structural shift toward export and productivity breakthroughs. • Overall Outlook: Current growth is driven by post-cyclone reconstruction and consumption-led expansion. While this lifts GDP in the short term, it risks normalizing mediocrity and recreating external vulnerabilities due to high import demand for materials like cement and fuel. • Growth Targets: - Projected: 4-5% (Stabilization-led) - Required: 7-8% (Transformation-led) Sustainable growth requires shifting from "macro control" (inflation targets, reserves) to a strategy focused on what the country produces and exports. • Key Sector Risks: - Construction: Expected boost from public investment but lacks long-term productive capacity. - Manufacturing & Tradables: Need for industrial upgrading and technological learning to close income gaps. - External Sector: Widening trade deficits remain a threat if export capacity does not expand in parallel with domestic stimulus. • Strategic Gaps: Stabilization is the foundation, not the strategy. True "structural transformation" involves moving resources into higher-value ICT/BPM, apparel & textiles, and diversified exports to break the cycle of external debt and "stop-go" growth. _Summary based on current economic analysis and CBSL projections._

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## Human Capital Development: Beyond Schooling 📈

A recent keynote at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura emphasizes that building human capital is a lifelong process, critical for Sri Lanka’s economic acceleration, and far broader than just formal school reforms. • Core Concept Education is viewed as a bridge between tradition and innovation. True human capital development requires "intellectuals" rather than mere "degree holders," fostering critical thinking and radical inquiry as envisioned by Rev. Welivitiye Sri Soratha. • Holistic Framework Education occurs through three distinct channels: Formal: Schools, universities, and ICT/BPM training centers. Non-formal: Structured courses without formal certification. Informal: Lifelong learning through family, society, and social media. • Economic & Statistical Standards Sri Lanka must align its educational spending data with international standards (IMF’s GFSM and UN’s SNA) to ensure comparability and macroeconomic consistency: Individual Expenses: Salaries, textbooks, and Mahapola scholarships. Collective Expenses: Curriculum development, exams, and quality assurance. Private Investment: Includes tuition and private institutional spending, which are vital components of national education investment. • Strategic Outlook Current reforms must expand beyond the school education sector to include all subsectors of human resource development. This holistic approach is essential to equip the workforce with the creativity and innovativeness needed for sustainable growth.

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SL Debt Sustainability: CB Governor Dismisses "2028 Phobia" 📈

Central Bank Governor Dr. P. Nandalal Weerasinghe has categorically ruled out the need for a second debt restructuring, debunking speculation regarding a potential repayment failure in 2028. Addressing the Ceylon Chamber of Commerce, he emphasized that current debt service obligations remain manageable under existing terms. • Debt Service Outlook: The Governor presented data showing that annual external debt service payments are projected to stay below US$ 3.5 Bn through 2032. 2026: US$ 3.271 Bn 2027: US$ 2.537 Bn 2028: US$ 3.231 Bn 2029: US$ 3.386 Bn 2030: US$ 3.556 Bn • Key Highlights: Sustainability: With plans to build reserves to US$ 8-10 Bn in the coming years, the Governor noted that an annual service requirement of less than US$ 3.5 Bn is well within the country's capacity. Historical Context: While the 2022 default was due to a lack of resources, the current trajectory reflects a strong "willingness and ability" to meet obligations. 2025 Payments: Total payments for 2025 are estimated at US$ 3.935 Bn, marking one of the highest post-restructuring periods due to the settlement of arrears. • Macroeconomic Projections: The Governor also highlighted positive momentum in the broader economy, projecting GDP growth of approximately 4.5% in 2025 and nearly 5% in 2026, driven by recovery and technology adoption. _Note: Figures based on Central Bank projections and current restructuring terms._ ---

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📈 Sri Lanka at 78: Economic Recovery Amidst Structural Deficit

Sri Lanka marks 78 years of independence grappling with a chronic "independence deficit," characterized by a cycle of 17 IMF bailouts and a persistent inability to maintain fiscal discipline. While neighbors like India have transformed into global hubs for software and pharmaceuticals, Sri Lanka remains vulnerable to recurring crises. • Overall Economic Performance GDP Growth: The economy grew by 4.8% in Q1 2025 and 4.9% in Q2 2025, continuing a recovery from the 9.5% contraction seen between 2021–2023. Debt Status: Debt-to-GDP stood at 96.1% in 2024, down from 120.9% in 2022. However, experts warn that any ratio above 77% leaves the nation highly vulnerable to default. Poverty: National poverty levels remain elevated at 24.5% as of 2025, compared to 13.1% in 2021. • Sector Breakdowns & Structural Challenges Agriculture: Once a backbone, the sector faced a 0.7% contraction in Q1 2025. It continues to struggle after the 2021 organic fertilizer policy failed, shifting the nation toward food imports. Human Capital & ICT/BPM: A massive brain drain is underway; 600,000 citizens migrated in 2023-24, including essential doctors, engineers, and IT professionals. The Brain Drain Index reached 7.6 in 2023, far exceeding the global average of 5.17. Fiscal Discipline: Despite the 17th IMF program, reports indicate a return to money printing in 2024, mirroring the policies that led to the 2022 rupee collapse. • Sovereignty & Debt Management Debt restructuring with 98% bondholder participation is nearly complete, yet "asset stripping" concerns persist. The Hambantota Port 99-year lease remains a symbol of compromised autonomy due to unpaid commercial debt. _Note: Statistics are based on 2024–2025 provisional data from the Central Bank and Department of Census & Statistics._

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📈 SLEA International Conference to Chart Path for Services-Led Growth

The Sri Lanka Economic Association (SLEA) will host its Annual International Conference on February 6-7, 2026, focusing on "Transforming the Services Sector for Economic Revival." The event aims to transition Sri Lanka from basic service delivery to high-value, knowledge-based exports. • Sector Impact: The services sector contributes over 60% to Sri Lanka's GDP and is identified as the primary driver for value addition and economic restructuring. • Key Focus Areas: • ICT/BPM & AI: Integrating Artificial Intelligence and data analytics to modernize traditional service models and enhance global competitiveness. • Tourism & Hospitality: Shifting focus to "Tourism Economics" to increase value-per-visitor and ensure equitable wealth distribution to the rural economy. • Finance: Proposing resilient frameworks for banking and regulatory governance as debt restructuring reaches advanced stages in 2026. • Education: Addressing the skills mismatch in Human Capital to prepare the workforce for a globalized, modern services economy. • Strategic Goal: The conference will produce actionable policy briefs to guide the Government’s Public Investment Program (PIP) for 2026–2030, leveraging current macroeconomic stability for an export-oriented recovery. • Event Details: Inauguration at BMICH (Feb 6) featuring PM Dr. Harini Amarasuriya and CBSL Governor Dr. Nandalal Weerasinghe; technical sessions at the University of Colombo (Feb 7).

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Urgent Need for 'Big Bang' Reforms to Secure Sri Lanka's Recovery 📈

• Strategic Shift Required: Dr. Ganeshan Wignaraja (ODI Senior Fellow) warns that gradual, incremental reforms are insufficient. A "big bang" reform agenda is essential to transition from cyclical stabilization to durable, investment-led growth. • Economic Vulnerabilities: While the 2023 IMF-led recovery is credible, the economy remains exposed to debt distress and external shocks. Current progress is often "two steps backward and one step forward" due to systemic inertia. • Impact of Cyclone Ditwah: • Damage estimated at US$ 4.1 Bn (approx. 4% of GDP). • Unlike the tsunami, this disaster affected a larger geographical area, highlighting critical gaps in national preparedness and coordination. • Priority Reform Areas: • Regulatory Environment: Eliminating 20 years of "red tape" that strangles businesses. • Energy & Productivity: Addressing high factor costs and labor skills shortages to attract foreign investment. • Global Integration: Deepening links with global supply chains to move beyond debt-driven cycles. • Fiscal Outlook: Recommendations include mobilizing domestic resources and engaging the IMF for limited fiscal flexibility to manage rising poverty levels post-disaster. • National Context: Stabilization has opened a narrow "reform window." Decisive action on energy costs and productivity is required to reassure markets and prevent a return to debt distress.

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Cyclone "Ditwah" Economic Impact Limited: Ceylon Chamber 📈

The Ceylon Chamber of Commerce reports a moderate economic impact following the recent cyclone, with core sectors recovering within two months. While the World Bank estimates total damages at US$ 4.1 Bn (4% of GDP), domestic indicators show rapid resilience. • Sector Recoveries & Highlights: • Agriculture: Impact lower than feared; 10% of land fully damaged. Operations have returned to normal with no sustained food inflation or scarcity. • Tourism: Short-term arrivals dipped 5-10% post-cyclone but January 2026 data shows a 10% YoY increase. City hotel occupancy is projected to exceed 70% this month. • Banking: Minimal exposure with only ~1% of loan portfolios affected. • ICT/BPM: Sector earned an estimated US$ 1.65 Bn in 2025; remains a key growth pillar for 2026. • 2026 Growth Drivers: • Construction: Expected to rebound via post-cyclone reconstruction, Port City developments, and resumed infrastructure projects. • Exports: Apparel & textiles and other export sectors saw temporary shutdowns, but December 2025 data suggests no material long-term impact on orders. • Consumption: Supermarket volumes have already returned to pre-cyclone levels, signaling robust domestic demand. • Strategic Outlook: India remains the top source market for tourism. Growth in 2026 will hinge on hotel refurbishments and the entry of international brands to drive higher per-visitor spending.

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## IMF Chief to Visit Colombo: Solidifying Post-Disaster Support 📈

International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva will visit Sri Lanka next month to review progress under the US$ 2.9 Bn Extended Fund Facility (EFF) and express solidarity following the devastating impact of Cyclone Ditwah. ### Key Visit Objectives • Program Review: Assessment of the "success of the program" following the completion of the 5th review (deferred to early 2026 due to the disaster). • Disaster Solidarity: Reaffirming support after a 20% land area inundation that caused an estimated US$ 6-7 Bn in recovery needs. • Governance Focus: Acknowledging strong public appreciation for the government's governance reforms and anti-corruption efforts. ### Economic Context & Performance • Growth Rebound: GDP growth reached 5.0% in 2024 and 4.8% in H1 2025, though agriculture and tourism face short-term headwinds from recent flooding. • Fiscal Gains: Tax revenue more than doubled from 7.3% to 14.8% of GDP; inflation dropped from 70% to approximately 2-3%. • Emergency Funding: The IMF recently disbursed US$ 206 Mn via the Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) to address urgent balance-of-payments needs. ### Outlook for 2026 • 6th Tranche: Discussions for the next US$ 330 Mn disbursement are set to resume in March 2026. • Infrastructure: Focus on restoring roads and rural livelihoods, supported by a LKR 500 Bn (approx. 1.4% of GDP) supplementary budget allocation. _Note: Data based on provisional IMF mission assessments and 2026 budget projections._

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📈 EDB Finalizes National Export Development Plan 2025–2029

The Sri Lanka Export Development Board (EDB), supported by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), concluded validation workshops for the National Export Development Plan (NEDP) 2025–2029. This roadmap aims to reposition exports as a primary growth engine, targeting US$ 18 Bn in earnings for 2025 and a long-term goal of US$ 36 Bn by 2030. • Core Objectives The draft plan focuses on three pillars: enhancing trade competitiveness, expanding regional/global market linkages, and driving sustainable, export-led growth. • Six Strategic Focus Areas 1. Logistics & integrated hub operations. 2. Trade facilitation & digitalization (e.g., National Single Window). 3. Trade finance & investment. 4. Trade promotion & market linkages. 5. Quality management & ESG compliance. 6. Skills development, entrepreneurship, and innovation. • Sectoral Context The NEDP addresses the current heavy reliance on apparel & textiles (which account for roughly 77% of industrial exports) and tea by prioritizing diversification into ICT/BPM, electrical & electronic components, and high-value agriculture. • Key Targets & Benchmarks • Export-to-GDP Target: Increase from current 19% to 25%. • Growth Rate: Projecting a rise in sector growth from 8% to 10% YoY. • Strategy: Builds on the 2018–2022 National Export Strategy, specifically tackling institutional coordination bottlenecks. _Note: Summary based on EDB and ADB provisional workshop data (Jan 2026)._

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CBSL: Cyclone Ditwah to Have Minimal Impact on 2026 Growth 📈

The Governor of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL), Dr. Nandalal Weerasinghe, has confirmed that despite the devastation caused by Cyclone Ditwah, the country’s economic trajectory for 2026 remains resilient. • Growth Outlook: The CBSL maintains a GDP growth projection of 4% to 5% for 2026. While the cyclone caused an initial shock, December data suggests the economy has overcome the setback without requiring major target modifications. • Inflation & Prices: Inflation is expected to hover around the 5% target in the coming months. Although the prices of goods spiked immediately after the disaster, they have since normalized as supply chains were restored. • Sector Resilience: Agriculture & Infrastructure: While these sectors faced initial devastation, recovery efforts are underway. Construction: Rebuilding activities are expected to provide a "disaster boom," with the Construction PMI already jumping to 66 in December. External Sector: The IMF has conducted assessments and confirmed that the existing Extended Fund Facility (EFF) remains unchanged, with formal reviews set to continue in March. • Fiscal Position: The government has allocated a Rs. 500 Bn supplementary budget for recovery, supported by a treasury surplus. This is expected to stimulate economic activity through reconstruction without derailing fiscal discipline. _Note: Projections are based on provisional December data and ongoing IMF assessments._

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Sri Lanka Navigates Post-Ditwah Recovery Amid Strong 2025 Fundamentals 📈

Sri Lanka faces a strategic pivot following the late 2025 Cyclone Ditwah, which caused an estimated US$ 4.1 Bn in tangible losses (approx. 4% of GDP). Despite this, 2025 closed with robust macroeconomic indicators, providing a resilient base for reconstruction. • Overall Economic Performance • GDP Growth: Recorded between 4.8% and 5.4% during the first three quarters of 2025. • Foreign Reserves: Stood at US$ 6.8 Bn, supported by an IMF-led framework. • External Debt: Remains high at over 110% of GDP, with repayments set to resume in 2028. • Sector Breakdowns & Earnings • Exports: Reached a record US$ 17.25 Bn in 2025, a 5.6% YoY increase. • Tourism: Hit a historic high of 2.36 million arrivals, surpassing the 2018 record. • Remittances: Achieved an all-time high of approximately US$ 8 Bn. • Agriculture: Suffered the most from the cyclone, with US$ 814 Mn in direct damages. • Strategic Recovery Roadmap • Digitalization & ICT/BPM: Leveraging the 4th Industrial Revolution to transition from raw materials to high-value services. • FDI: Focus on attracting global corporates to exploit natural resources like graphite, graphene, and offshore oil/gas (estimated value US$ 250 Bn). • SMEs: Targeted government facilities to elevate MSMEs into regional players. • Market Diversification: Shift focus toward "CIA" (China, India, and ASEAN) to access 40% of the global population. • Key Recovery Targets • Tourism: Aiming for 6 million visitors in 2026 through relaxed visa policies. • Expatriate Support: Proposing a transparent fund for the 3 million-strong diaspora to contribute to rebuilding. • Fiscal Goal: Gradually raising tax revenue from 15.4% to 19% of GDP.

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30th Anniversary: Honoring the Resilience of Central Bank Heroes 📈

The Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) marks 30 years since the devastating 1996 LTTE terror attack, a pivotal moment that tested the nation's financial stability. Despite the intent to paralyze the economy, the bank resumed operations within just 24 hours. • Human & Infrastructure Impact: The suicide bombing resulted in 41 deaths within the bank and over 50 more in surrounding areas. Approximately 1,200 CBSL officers were injured. Two wings of the iconic headquarters were gutted by fire, and the mainframe computer system was destroyed. • Financial Sector Resilience: • Banking Operations: Resumed on February 1, 1996, from Rajagiriya, ensuring international obligations were met without default. • Currency & Gold: Currency department officers and security personnel secured approximately Rs. 900 million in cash during the chaos, preventing looting and financial panic. • System Recovery: With international support (USAID), hardware was replaced within a week to restore record-keeping and check clearing. • Economic Context & Legacy: • GDP growth in 1996 slowed to 3.8% (down from 5.5% in 1995), impacted by the blast and a severe drought. • The manufacturing and services sectors showed resilience, contributing 36% and 77% to growth respectively that year. • Today, survivors and retirees call for better recognition, specifically regarding pension disparities following recent salary revisions for active staff. The CBSL continues its annual remembrance service every January 31, honoring the "Phoenix" spirit of its workforce who safeguarded the heart of Sri Lanka’s economy.

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CBSL to Present Inflation Deviation Report to Parliament 📈

The Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) is set to present a formal report to Parliament explaining the continued deviation of headline inflation from the official target. Under the Central Bank of Sri Lanka Act, No. 16 of 2023, the bank is legally mandated to report when inflation misses the target margin for two consecutive quarters. • Inflation Performance Current Status: Headline inflation (CCPI) stood at 2.1% in December 2025, remaining below the central target. Target Framework: The Monetary Policy Framework Agreement sets a target of 5% with a tolerance margin of ±2 percentage points (3% to 7% range). Deviation Period: Significant deflationary trends and low inflation were recorded throughout 2025, with quarterly averages such as -3.6% (Q1) and -1.1% (Q2) missing the lower bound. • Key Drivers of Deviation Energy & Transport: Major downward adjustments in electricity tariffs and fuel prices during 2025 were primary drivers of low inflation. Currency Appreciation: The strengthening of the Sri Lankan Rupee amplified downward pressure on imported goods. Supply Factors: While food inflation stabilized at 3.0% in late 2025, the impact of Cyclone Ditwah caused recent month-on-month price pressure. • Outlook & Accountability The report will outline remedial actions to steer inflation back to the 5% target by the second half of 2026. A legal review of the inflation target agreement with the Government is scheduled for 2026 to ensure it reflects current structural economic changes.

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📈 Budgetary Shortfalls & Delays in Relief for Disappeared Families

Nearly Rs. 1 Bn in funds earmarked for families of the disappeared remains unpaid, with significant risk of the capital being returned to the Treasury. Despite a 2022 allocation of Rs. 200,000 per family, administrative bottlenecks have stalled disbursements to approximately 5,000 eligible households. • Overall Funding & Allocations: • 2025 Budget: Rs. 1 Bn earmarked; majority remains undisbursed. • 2026 Budget: Allocation slashed to Rs. 300 Mn, covering only 1,500 families—far below the requested Rs. 2 Bn for 10,000 families. • Historical Claims: OMP has 19,000 total complaints; Presidential Commissions recorded 32,000 since 1988. • Operational Bottlenecks: • Staffing Crisis: The Office on Missing Persons (OMP) operates with only 29 staff members despite a required cadre of 250. • Cabinet Delays: Eligibility enquiries only received Cabinet approval in October 2025, leaving insufficient time for field verifications. • Reparations Progress: The Office for Reparations received only 563 recommendations last year, mostly relating to older cases. • Policy & Social Impact: • The government is transitioning toward a "comprehensive package" including housing, education, and livelihood support rather than one-off payments. • Families in the South (late 1980s period) remain largely excluded if they received prior minimal state assistance, leading to deep disillusionment.

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Global Job Quality Stagnates Amid Resilient Growth: ILO Report 2026 📈

The International Labour Organisation (ILO) warns that while global unemployment remains stable at 4.9% (approx. 186 million people), progress toward decent work has stalled, particularly affecting youth and women. • Global Outlook & Informality Global unemployment projected to hold steady through 2026, yet 2.1 billion workers will remain in informal employment. Nearly 300 million workers live in extreme poverty, earning less than US$ 3.00 per day. Lower-middle-income economies (including Sri Lanka’s peer group) are projected to see employment growth of 1.8%. • Youth & Gender Gaps Youth unemployment rose to 12.4% in 2025; over 260 million youth are currently "NEET" (Not in Education, Employment, or Training). Women are 24% less likely than men to participate in the labor force, accounting for only two-fifths of global employment. • Trade & Technology Impacts Trade remains a vital job creator, supporting 465 million workers, with over 50% located in Asia and the Pacific. Digitally delivered services, such as ICT/BPM, now represent 14.5% of global exports. The ILO identifies Artificial Intelligence (AI) and trade policy uncertainty as emerging risks that could displace educated youth in high-skill occupations. • Key Recommendations Invest in skills and infrastructure to boost productivity. Leverage export-linked sectors to provide better pay and lower informality for women and youth. Coordinate global policies to mitigate risks from AI and rising national debt. _Source: ILO Employment and Social Trends 2026 (Provisional Data)_

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📈 Strategic Lessons from the Singapore Model for Sri Lanka

As the world marks the 30th anniversary of the passing of Dr. Albert Winsemius, Singapore’s first Chief Economic Adviser, his blueprints for national transformation remain a vital reference for Sri Lanka's economic trajectory. • The Winsemius Legacy A Dutch economist and UNDP mission head, Winsemius advised Singapore for nearly 25 years. His "Dutch pragmatism" focused on logic over ideology, emphasizing that growth is the primary tool for restoring national dignity. • The "Big Gap" in South Asia Winsemius identified a strategic void between Singapore and Dubai, pointing to Colombo as the natural gateway for South Asia. He argued that Sri Lanka must leverage its position as a small, resource-limited economy through openness and strategic foresight, similar to the Netherlands and Singapore. • Core Pillars for Success • Investment Promotion: Championed the "one-stop agency" concept, leading to Singapore's Economic Development Board (EDB) to eliminate bureaucratic delays. • Competitiveness: Success requires constant nurturing of infrastructure, labour, taxation, and governance. • Execution: Stressed that speed, decisiveness, and integrity are the "lifeblood" of attracting foreign capital. • Strategic Takeaway For Sri Lanka to realize its potential as a regional hub, it requires agile decision-making, social cohesion, and a bond of trust between leadership and citizens—elements Winsemius deemed preconditions for sustained investment.

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Sri Lanka Enters Investment-Constrained Recovery Phase 📈

HNB Stockbrokers’ 2026 outlook highlights a shift from crisis management to a stable but investment-heavy growth phase. While macroeconomic buffers have strengthened, sustainable growth remains dependent on foreign direct investment (FDI) and debt reduction. • Economic Growth & GDP Real GDP growth forecast at 4.5% for 2026, finally surpassing the 2018 pre-crisis peak. Nominal GDP expected to reach Rs. 35 trillion. Recovery currently driven by consumption and government spending, while investment (Gross Capital Formation) remains low at 27% of GDP (vs. historical 30%+). • Debt & Market Access Re-entry to international bond markets projected for 2028. Requires Debt-to-GDP to fall below 80% (lower than the IMF's 95% anchor) to secure credit rating upgrades. Shift needed from external debt-financing to FDI-led investment to avoid widening the current account deficit. • Monetary & External Sector Private sector credit growth is surging at over 20% YoY, prompting a cautious CBSL stance on rate cuts. Official reserves stand at US$ 6.8 Bn, providing a buffer against shocks like Cyclone Ditwah. Current account surplus expected to narrow from >US$ 1 Bn (2025) to US$ 275 Mn in 2026 due to vehicle imports and US$ 3-3.5 Bn in debt servicing. Currency (LKR) projected to see a modest depreciation of 3-4%. • Fiscal Outlook Primary surplus remains a priority; cyclone-related spending (Rs. 500 Bn) is deemed manageable due to capital expenditure under-execution and treasury buffers. _Data based on HNB Stockbrokers Research (Jan 2026)._

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Sri Lanka: Poverty & Food Insecurity Surge Pre-Cyclone 📈

A new IFPRI-IWMI report reveals critical socio-economic vulnerabilities in Sri Lanka just prior to the devastating impact of Cyclone Ditwah in late 2025. • Overall Poverty & Debt: • Multidimensional poverty reached 27%, significantly higher than the monetary poverty rate of 18%. • 42% of households nationwide are burdened by debt. • Post-crisis, urban monetary poverty tripled, while urban food insecurity increased fivefold since 2019. • Sector Breakdowns: • Estate Sector: Faces the most severe deprivation, with 67% in multidimensional poverty and 55% experiencing food insecurity. • Urban & Rural: Food insecurity stands at 35% and 31% respectively, reflecting a national average of 33%. • Essential Services & Infrastructure: • Water Security: 10% of households are insecure, with the Uva Province recording the highest distress at 24%. • Agriculture: The sector struggles with low technology adoption and limited climate-smart practices, hindering productivity and profitability. • Social Protection: • The Aswesuma program shows improved reach, covering 29% of the total population and 48% of the poorest households, compared to 19% under the previous Samurdhi scheme. • Impact of Cyclone Ditwah: Based on provisional data, the cyclone affected 2 million people (10% of the population) and claimed over 600 lives, striking a population already weakened by limited nutritional knowledge and high indebtedness.

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World Bank Slashes Pakistan’s Growth Forecast to 3.0% 📉

The World Bank has revised Pakistan’s GDP growth projection downward to 3.0% for the current fiscal year, significantly lower than the government's initial 4.2% target. The revision highlights a fragile recovery hampered by climate shocks and trade vulnerabilities. • Economic Performance & Forecasts Current Growth: 3.0% (down from previous estimates). 2026-27 Outlook: Projected to rise slightly to 3.4%. Global Context: World economy expected to grow by 2.6% in 2026. • Sectoral Insights Agriculture: Growth remains under pressure due to the lingering effects of the 2025 floods, impacting crop yields and rural incomes. Industry: Showing signs of improvement as import restrictions ease and bank lending expands. Services & ICT: Potential for growth identified through regulatory reforms and digital infrastructure expansion. • Key Economic Drivers & Risks Inflation: Expected to moderate due to softening food prices; current policy rate stands at 10.5%. Trade Barriers: High tariffs and potential U.S. trade policy shifts pose risks to exports. External Pressure: Normalization of remittances and rising imports may widen the current account deficit. • Summary Outlook Pakistan’s stabilization depends on sustained fiscal consolidation, post-flood reconstruction, and structural reforms to transition from debt-driven consumption to export-led growth. _Data based on World Bank Global Economic Prospects (Jan 2026)._

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📈 UNDP Assessment: Massive Economic Fallout from Cyclone Ditwah

A new qualitative assessment by the UNDP reveals the severe impact of Cyclone Ditwah (Nov 2025) on Sri Lanka’s economy, highlighting deep recovery needs for vulnerable sectors and the informal economy. • Infrastructure & Damage 95% of surveyed officials reported damage to residential and transport infrastructure. Previous data shows 20% of the land area was inundated, affecting 2.3 million people and causing approximately US$ 4.1 Bn in direct physical damage. • Livelihoods & Informal Sector 93% of respondents reported affected livelihoods, including crop and livestock losses. The informal sector, which provides significant employment, faces high business closure rates and rising household debt stress. • Economic Recovery Financing The Government has pledged LKR 95 Bn for MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) with 3% concessional loans. However, UNDP stresses that "unseen" informal workers require urgent, inclusive access to capital and low-interest loans. • Reconstruction Obstacles Major hurdles include shortages in construction materials, limited skilled labor, and funding constraints. Coordination gaps between institutions are also cited as a primary reason for slow recovery. • Social Impact Over 50% of the affected are from vulnerable groups, including female-headed households and persons with disabilities. 40% of communities have resorted to informal lending, increasing the risk of debt traps.

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### 📈 World Bank: Global Resilience vs. Developing Economy Stagnation

The World Bank’s January 2026 Global Economic Prospects report reveals a resilient but deeply divided global economy. While advanced nations recover, 1 in 4 developing economies remains poorer than in 2019. • Global Growth Forecasts Global growth is projected at 2.6% in 2026 (upwardly revised) and 2.7% in 2027. Despite resilience, the 2020s are on track to be the weakest decade for growth since the 1960s. Global inflation is expected to ease to 2.6% by 2026. • Developing Economy Challenges Growth in developing nations is set to slow to 4.0% in 2026 from 4.2% in 2025. Per capita income in these regions remains only 12% of advanced economy levels. A massive "jobs challenge" looms with 1.2 billion young people entering the workforce this decade. • Regional & Sectoral Impact South Asia: Growth is projected to slow to 5.8%–6.2% in 2026 due to trade uncertainty and tech disruptions. Sri Lanka Context: Based on provisional data, Sri Lanka is expected to regain its 2018 real GDP levels by 2026, with growth stabilizing around 3.1%–3.5%. Focus sectors: Apparel & textiles and tourism-related services remain critical for recovery, though high food prices and debt servicing (103.9% debt-to-GDP in 2024) persist as risks. • Fiscal & Policy Priorities Restoring fiscal credibility is urgent; public debt in emerging markets is at a 50-year high. The report advocates for strict fiscal rules to improve budget balances by 1.4% of GDP over five years.

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Proposal for a New Public Development Bank to Anchor Economic Recovery 📈

• The Current Crisis Sri Lanka faces a compounding economic crisis following Cyclone Ditwah, which caused US$ 4.1 Bn in asset damages. This adds to structural vulnerabilities from the 2022 debt crisis and ongoing IMF austerity measures. • The Development Finance Gap The absence of a dedicated public development bank has left SMEs and rural producers vulnerable. Current commercial lending focuses on short-term, high-interest loans, neglecting long-term projects in: Agribusiness and Manufacturing Infrastructure and ICT Industrial development in peripheral districts • Historical Context & Privatization Previously, the DFCC (est. 1955) and NDB (est. 1979) supported early industrialization in sectors like cement and tyres. However, both were commercialized or privatized by 2005 under neoliberal reforms, removing the state's mandate for concessional development finance. • Strategic Recommendations • Institutional Necessity: Establish a new public development bank to provide project-based financing rather than collateral-based loans. • Resilience: Use the bank as a counter-cyclical buffer against global trade tensions and climate shocks. • Diversification: Move away from "footloose" export dependency (e.g., apparel) toward strengthening domestic production and employment. • Global Context With over 500 development banks globally, countries like Ghana, Nigeria, and Vietnam are successfully using these institutions to bridge financing gaps and stabilize economies during shocks.

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### 📈 CBSL Governor Calls for Revision of IMF Targets Post-Cyclone

Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) Governor Dr. Nandalal Weerasinghe has highlighted the need to adjust the International Monetary Fund (IMF) targets under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) due to the significant impact of Cyclone Ditwah. • Fiscal Adjustment & Recovery The 2026 budget, formulated prior to the disaster, must now accommodate unplanned reconstruction and relief spending. The World Bank estimates direct physical damage at US$ 4.1 Bn (approx. 4% of GDP), primarily affecting infrastructure and the agriculture sector. • Review Status & Emergency Funding The Fifth Review of the US$ 3 Bn EFF program—originally set for completion in late 2025—was deferred to allow for a full economic impact assessment. To bridge the gap, the IMF approved a US$ 206 Mn disbursement under the Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI), providing immediate liquidity without the delays of structural reviews. • Sectoral Impacts Agriculture: Devastated by the cyclone, posing risks to food security and rural livelihoods. Infrastructure: Extensive damage to roads, bridges, and power networks requiring massive capital expenditure. Apparel & Tea: Export logistics and production were temporarily disrupted by extreme weather. • Foreign Reserves Outlook Despite these shocks, the CBSL remains optimistic about external buffers, projecting official foreign reserves to reach approximately US$ 8 Bn by the end of 2026. _Note: Revisions to economic benchmarks will be discussed when the IMF mission team arrives later this month._

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## 📈 Sri Lanka 2.0: Strategy for Investment Grade Status

A strategic roadmap proposes transforming Sri Lanka from a crisis-hit nation into a regional "turnaround story" by 2035 through fiscal discipline and tech-driven growth. • Fiscal Foundation & Stability • Goal: Reach Investment Grade status within 7 years to lower capital costs. • Constitutional limit on fiscal deficits to restore international market trust. • Establish a "Temasek-style" State Investment Fund to manage SOEs like SriLankan Airlines and CEB, requiring profitability within 3 years. • Introduce Debt-for-Nature Swaps to attract ESG capital and reduce external debt. • Digitalization & Transparency • Implement e-Procurement and a Digital Land Registry to curb corruption and unlock domestic credit. • Deploy LEO Satellites (e.g., Starlink) for 100Mbps connectivity in rural areas, bypassing expensive fiber costs. • New Growth Model: Value Over Volume • Logistics: Upgrade ports into South Asian "gateways" with value-added services. • Tourism: Shift from mass market to high-end wellness/Ayurveda to increase revenue per tourist. • Tea: Use Blockchain to secure provenance and premium pricing for Ceylon Tea. • Energy: Establish an undersea green energy link to India for export. • Human Capital & Social Safety • Prioritize STEM and English to compete in ICT/BPM and remote work sectors. • "Nutri-Lanka" program: Free school meals sourced from local farmers to combat a 26% poverty rate. • Incentivize the diaspora to reverse the "brain drain" and bring back global expertise.

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Sri Lanka's Recovery: Leveraging Global Trust for Resilience 📈

• Strategic Focus: Foreign assistance is being positioned not just as emergency relief, but as a tool for economic stabilization and infrastructure reconstruction. The goal is to "Build Back Better" by integrating climate-resilient standards and hazard mapping into the national reset. • Fiscal Impact: Concessional financing (grants and soft loans) is critical to bridge the fiscal gap without triggering inflation or high interest rates. This external support preserves macroeconomic discipline while protecting the domestic tax base. • Sector Revitalization: • MSMEs: Targeted credit lines and guarantee schemes are essential to revive small businesses, agriculture, and tourism, preventing permanent closures and stabilizing employment. • Infrastructure: Multilateral partnerships bring global technical expertise to rebuild roads, water systems, and schools, ensuring regional productivity. • ICT/BPM & Digital Governance: Implementation of digital grant management and transparent procurement systems to enhance accountability and investor confidence. • Leadership as an Asset: President Anura Kumara Dissanayake’s international standing as a reform-oriented leader is viewed as "economic capital." This credibility is expected to: • Improve financing terms (lower rates, longer maturities). • Accelerate aid disbursement speeds. • Crowd in private investment and diaspora engagement by signaling policy stability. • Economic Outlook: Based on current recovery data, the focus shifts from aid dependency to using global trust as leverage for long-term, inclusive growth and sustainable revenue mobilization.

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📈 President Pushes Formalization & Concessionary Credit for SMEs

President Anura Kumara Dissanayake has directed officials to fast-track the integration of the informal sector into the formal economy while expanding relief for businesses impacted by Cyclone Ditwah. The move aims to protect viable enterprises from collapse and improve national productivity. • Relief & Credit Schemes 3% Interest Rate: Concessionary credit under the RE-MSME Disaster Relief scheme is being accelerated for disaster-hit businesses. Loan Limits: Micro-enterprises can access up to Rs. 250,000, while SMEs are eligible for up to Rs. 1,000,000 for a 3-year tenure. Target Group: The government is targeting support for approximately 130,000 entrepreneurs to aid recovery. • Formalization & Sector Support SME Registration: A new mechanism is being developed to encourage unregistered SMEs to formalize, granting them better access to state support and banking facilities. Flexibility: District Secretaries will report on unregistered businesses to ensure technical non-compliance does not disqualify them from essential disaster relief. Agriculture & Housing: Crop compensation payments are being expedited, and construction for fully damaged houses is set to begin on January 9 in Anuradhapura and Kurunegala. • Economic Outlook The President emphasized that post-disaster interventions must transition businesses toward higher productivity rather than just restoring pre-disaster levels. Officials were cautioned against inefficient utilization of development funds, which could delay broader economic recovery targets.

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## SLTDA to Launch Tourism Revenue Leakage Survey 📈

The Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority (SLTDA) will launch a comprehensive tourism leakage survey late this month to determine the actual retention of foreign exchange within the domestic economy. This follow-up study aims to refine the "net economic gain" after recent data showed a decline in average visitor spending. • Spending Revisions The survey follows a sharp downward revision of average daily tourist spending from US$ 171 to US$ 148 (based on August 2025 assessments). This update replaces outdated 2018 benchmarks to better reflect current market dynamics. • Spending by Segment • Package Tourists: Highest value at US$ 214.90 per day, dominated by the UK market and travelers aged 60+. • Independent Travellers: Averaged US$ 148.26 per day, with Russian tourists leading this category. These visitors tend to distribute spending across local transport and community-based experiences. • Leakage Factors The study will systematically measure "leakage"—revenue that exits the country via: • Imports of specialized food, beverages, and luxury amenities. • Repatriation of profits by foreign-owned hotels and airlines. • Commissions to overseas marketing agents and foreign worker remittances. • Economic Impact Understanding these outflows is critical for Sri Lanka's policy formulation, ensuring that tourism growth translates into higher local incomes and employment rather than just rising arrival numbers. _Note: Analysis is based on provisional data from the 2024/2025 national airport exit survey._

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Dr. D. S. Wijesinghe: A Quantitative Economist's Enduring Legacy on Sri Lanka's Economy 📈

A tribute highlights Dr. D. S. Wijesinghe, a former Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka, and his profound contributions to the nation's economic policy through rigorous quantitative analysis. • Early Career & Groundbreaking Research: Joining the Central Bank in 1974, Dr. Wijesinghe earned a PhD in Quantitative Economics from the University of Warwick (1983). His thesis, "Some Experiments with a Multisectoral Intertemporal Optimisation Model for Sri Lanka," offered critical insights. • Critique of Public Investment Program (PIP): He found the Government's 1979-84 Public Investment Program (PIP) was "hastily developed," based on judgmental assumptions, and overestimated its goals, leading to concerns about feasibility and foreign funding. • Key Economic Insights: Emphasized efficient investment allocation over mere volume as crucial for economic development. Identified paucity of domestic savings and the need for high foreign exchange flows as binding constraints on growth. Predicted that infeasible public expenditure plans without sufficient foreign funding would lead to high inflation and a foreign exchange crisis – a prediction validated in the early 1980s. Concluded that import substitution policies prior to 1977 were only marginally effective and insufficient for accelerating development. • Missed Opportunity: Lord Nicholas Stern, Dr. Wijesinghe's PhD supervisor at Warwick, noted that the Central Bank denied him a Postdoctoral Fellowship, preventing a greater global academic impact. • Lasting Relevance: Dr. Wijesinghe's research on savings, foreign aid, and optimal development paths remains highly relevant for Sri Lanka's current economic challenges, including the need for sustainable growth and addressing foreign exchange issues.

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Here's a plan:

1. Headline: Create a short, informative headline. 2. Manufacturing PMI: Index value and overall trend. Key contributing sub-indices (New Orders, Production, Employment, Stocks of Purchases, Suppliers' Delivery Time). Driving sectors for New Orders. Outlook. 3. Services PMI: Index value and overall trend. Key contributing sub-indices (Business Activities, New Businesses, Employment, Backlogs of Work). Driving sectors for Business Activities and New Businesses. Outlook and concerns. 4. Formatting: Use bullet points, bold specific sectors, and keep it under 300 words.📈 Sri Lanka PMIs Show November 2025 Expansion Sri Lanka's Purchasing Managers' Indices (PMI) indicate continued expansion in both Manufacturing and Services activities in November 2025. • Manufacturing PMI recorded 55.5, showing expansion with favorable contributions from all sub-indices. • New Orders expanded, driven by food and beverages and textiles and apparel. • Production remained neutral, while Employment and Stocks of Purchases increased. • Suppliers’ Delivery Time lengthened due to continued demand for inputs. • Outlook for the next three months remains positive, boosted by anticipated seasonal demand. • Services PMI recorded 50.5, indicating a slower expansion compared to the previous month, partly due to adverse weather. • Business activities expanded, primarily driven by accommodation, food, and beverage services and strengthening financial services. • New Businesses increased, supported by demand in financial services and wholesale & retail trade. • Employment expanded for seasonal operational needs; Backlogs of Work increased after a three-month decline. • Expectations for the next quarter improved, supported by favorable macroeconomic conditions and festive demand, despite some concerns over weather impacts on consumer demand.

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🇱🇰 Sri Lanka's 2026 Budget: A Call for Performance & Evaluation Amidst Crisis 📈

Sri Lanka faces a national emergency from Cyclone Ditwah, impacting parliamentary debates on the 2026 Budget. The President presented the Budget prior to the calamity, prompting a need for a unified "national reading" focused on recovery. • 2026 Budget Insights: • Some view it as reflecting a liberal policy, emphasizing investment in human capital, infrastructure-led growth, private enterprise support, and fiscal discipline. • However, critics argue it's premature to label it fully liberal due to state dominance in some sectors, weak performance management, broad subsidies, and a need for tax rationalisation. • Urgent Need for Budget Monitoring: • Budget implementation often falls between 30-50% historically. • A robust monitoring system is crucial, drawing from global best practices (e.g., India's PFMS, OECD frameworks). • Proposed National Budget Performance and Evaluation Office: • Purpose: Strengthen fiscal governance, ensure public spending delivers measurable value, and provide independent, data-driven tracking. • Functions: Monitor Budget implementation, program outcomes, develop KPIs, performance scorecards, and annual evaluation reports. • Benefits: Enable evidence-based decision-making, improve Budget credibility, reduce wastage, foster transparency, and accountability, shifting towards performance-oriented results. This initiative is seen as critical for Sri Lanka's economic paradigm shift towards export diversification, strengthened governance, and institutional efficiency.

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🚨 UNDP Urges International Support for Sri Lanka's Post-Ditwah Recovery 🚨

The UNDP is calling on international partners for urgent, affordable financing and innovative instruments to help Sri Lanka recover from Cyclone Ditwah, warning the nation cannot absorb more debt after its economic crisis. • Cyclone Ditwah flooded 1.1 million hectares (~20% of Sri Lanka's land) and exposed 2.3 million people to severe flooding, triggering nearly 1,200 landslides. • Major Impact: • Nearly 720,000 buildings (including 243 hospitals, hundreds of schools) exposed to floodwaters. • Over 16,000 km of roads and 480 bridges affected, along with 278 km of railway lines and 35 rail bridges. • Generated over 240,000 tons of non-construction waste and 60,000 cubic metres of construction debris. • Agricultural losses are significant, with over 530,000 hectares of paddy land flooded, heightening food insecurity in several districts where 20-30% of households lack dry food stocks. • High-need regions include Puttalam, Kilinochchi, Mullaitivu, central highlands, and parts of the North and East, where pre-existing vulnerabilities compound the disaster's effects. • UNDP's early recovery priorities include debris clearance, rehabilitating community infrastructure, supporting MSMEs and household income generation, and replacing lost civil/financial documentation. International support is crucial to stabilize livelihoods and ensure recovery without deepening Sri Lanka's debt burden.

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Sri Lanka's Ditwah Response: Beware the "Unseen" Economic Impacts 📉

• Sri Lanka's progress is repeatedly hindered by policies that neglect "unseen" economic consequences, especially urgent now with the Ditwah disaster response and monetary policy. • Price Controls Fallacy: • Following Ditwah, government action against retailers raising prices for necessities is seen as suppressing a price spike. • The "unseen" effect, however, is prolonged shortages, misallocation of resources, and disincentivizing the private sector from taking risks to deliver goods. • Higher prices naturally ration limited goods and incentivize entrepreneurs to increase supply, which would eventually drive prices down. • Central Bank & Inflation Tax: • Post-Ditwah, increased government spending for relief is likely to be financed by the Central Bank printing money, similar to the post-COVID period. • This "invisible tax" (inflation) dilutes purchasing power, transfers wealth from the poor to the rich (Cantillon Effect), and creates artificial economic booms followed by busts. • The Central Bank is argued to have "completely failed" its mandate of financial, economic, and price stability since its inception, leading to profound societal costs. • Path Forward: • The government must empower market mechanisms rather than attempting to override them. • Focus on fundamental duties: upholding the rule of law, protecting property rights, and ensuring a stable monetary framework. • This restraint would free capital, honor savers, and allow market prices to efficiently allocate resources, fostering a resilient, private-sector-led recovery and prosperity.

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📈 Remembering Dr. A.G. Karunasena: A Central Bank Luminary

A tribute to Dr. A.G. Karunasena, an "unsung hero" of Sri Lanka's Central Bank, highlights his profound contributions to economics and policy-making. • Early Career & Groundbreaking Research: • Joined CBSL in 1976. • Developed the first comprehensive Macroeconometric Model for Sri Lanka in 1983 during his PhD at McMaster University. • Model disaggregated sectors like tea, rubber, coconut, and rice to understand economic drivers. • His research suggested economic growth can be boosted by shifting government expenditure from consumer to producer subsidies. • Key Roles at Central Bank & IMF: • Headed the new Macro Planning Division, applying his model for policy simulations (e.g., impact of fertilizer subsidies on tea production). • Served as Alternative Executive Director for Sri Lanka's constituency at the IMF, securing a Standby Facility in 2000 during a balance of payments crisis. • As Director of Economic Research (DER), he advocated for a peaceful solution to the ethnic issue in the 2001 Annual Report. • Elevated to Assistant Governor in 2004, supporting CBSL modernization, restructuring IBSL, and initiating an inflation targeting framework. • International Leadership: • Appointed Executive Director of the SEACEN Centre in Kuala Lumpur in 2006, leading new research and training programs until 2012. Dr. Karunasena was known for his belief in economic policy backed by quantitative evidence, leaving a lasting legacy on Sri Lanka's economic analysis and central banking.

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📈 WB: SL Must Accelerate Second-Gen Reforms for Durable Growth

World Bank Country Manager Gevorg Sargsyan stressed that while post-crisis stability has been broadly achieved, the current growth rate is too weak to ease fiscal pressure or reduce poverty, necessitating a shift to fast, investment-led growth. • Growth & Debt: The President's 7% GDP growth target (2026 Budget) is "absolutely achievable," but only with a decisive push on second-generation reforms. Public debt remains above 100% of GDP, with debt service absorbing nearly half of Government revenue. • Openness Deterioration: Trade and Investment as a share of GDP fell sharply from ~40% in 2000 to just ~20% in 2024. Reforms must focus on dismantling trade barriers, including tariff reduction and phasing out para-tariffs. • Productivity Crisis: Productivity has turned negative. This is critical in sectors like agriculture (e.g., coconut productivity is 20x higher in peer countries) and logistics (port ranking slipped from 6th/7th to 20th). • Private Capital & SOEs: A surge in private investment is essential due to limited fiscal space. Requires commercially-oriented reforms in SOEs (energy, transport, logistics), improved governance, and a modernized framework for land and labour. • Outlook: The World Bank reaffirms its commitment, stating the next chapter must focus on unlocking integrated, sustainable, and inclusive growth to ensure the benefits of recovery reach all Sri Lankans.

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🚨 Sri Lanka Must Earn US$ 50 Bn Forex Annually: Analyst Criticizes Budget 2026 for Lack of Laser-Sharp Strategy 📈

• Forex & Growth: The key challenge for Sri Lanka to achieve 6%+ GDP growth is hitting US$ 50 Bn in annual foreign exchange earnings, a target lacking a clear strategy in Budget 2026. • Reserves Reality: While gross reserves stand at US$ 6.2 Bn, Net Foreign Reserves (NFR) are negative as per IMF stipulations (after removing currency swaps). • Fiscal & Implementation: Revenue/GDP reached 15.9%, beating the IMF target of 15.3%. However, capital expenditure utilization for 2025 is critically low, estimated at only 40-45% (approx. Rs. 600 Bn utilized out of a Rs. 1.4 Tn budget). • Proposed 3-Point Forex Drive: 1. Exports: Must increase revenue from US$ 19 Bn to US$ 30 Bn. Key initiative: Signing the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with India, benefiting sectors like apparel & textiles. 2. Tourism: Current 2025 earnings are US$ 2.6 Bn, which is -33% compared to 2018 ($3.5 Bn). Focus must shift to attracting a higher-value traveler ($200 per traveler). 3. Remittances: Target to reach US$ 10 Bn via quality, white-collar service exports. • Consumer Distress: Only 37% of Sri Lankan families cover monthly expenses with their income. Unredeemed jewelry (pawning) jumped from Rs. 210 Bn (2019) to Rs. 571 Bn (2024), highlighting severe household financial fragility. • Governance Highlight: The strong anti-narcotics drive in 2025 (e.g., 1,736 Kg Heroin, 3,784 Kg Ice seized; 21,985 arrests to date) is commended as a significant governance win.

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📈 SL Trade & Digital Reform Warning: Inequality Risk

UNDP Country Economist Dr. Vagisha Gunasekara warns that Sri Lanka's current approach to Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) and rapid trade liberalisation risks reinforcing inequality unless foundational gaps are addressed upfront. • Digital Divide: Only 37% of adults are online, and 39% of households lack internet access. The divide is acute for women (1/3 less likely to use internet) and persons with disabilities (7% use vs 24% general pop). • DPI Risk: Unless DPI is specifically designed for low-bandwidth, mobile-first, rural users, gains from AI and high-productivity jobs—e.g., in ICT/BPM, apparel, logistics, tourism—will concentrate among a small, urban, digitally ready minority. The Government aims to grow the digital economy to US$ 15 Bn. • Trade Reform Sequencing: Rapid para-tariff cuts risk destabilizing industries and exerting pressure on the rupee. The gains from trade are nullified if workers cannot move into growing sectors due to mobility frictions (e.g., lack of affordable housing, poor transport) and skills gaps. • Recommended Prioritisation: Reforms must be sequenced: 1. Fix non-tariff trade costs (logistics, customs automation, digital trade systems for SMEs). 2. Invest in skills, reskilling, and labour mobility enablers. 3. Then implement gradual, predictable tariff reforms, starting with intermediate inputs. The economist stressed that failing to front-load DPI and labour market investments will deepen economic divides. The 2026 Budget Speech announced a gradual phase-out of para-tariffs to boost competitiveness.

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2026 Budget Focuses on Growth, Debt Sustainability 📈

• Budget Objectives: Treasury Secretary Dr. Harshana Suriyapperuma highlighted that the 2026 National Budget focuses on driving growth, advancing development, and achieving debt sustainability. Key strategies include expert diversification, inclusive growth, strengthening the production economy, and promoting digitisation. • Fiscal & Debt Status: Fiscal indicators are "very positive" (Dr. De Mel), showing controlled expenditure and revenue exceeding targets in 2024 and 2025 (VAT contributed a 2.8% increase). Repayments are currently on schedule, and confidence was expressed in meeting 2028 commitments, provided fiscal discipline and higher revenue are maintained. • Real Economy Concerns: Dr. Nishan De Mel warned that real indicators are "troubling": employment is at a 20-year low, real incomes remain below 2018 levels, and poverty has doubled since 2019. Monetary shortcomings (e.g., 6 consecutive quarters of missed inflation targets) are eroding fiscal gains. • Key Strategies: • Tax Net: Measures like a reduced tax threshold, e-invoicing, and a modern tax audit scheme are being introduced to broaden the tax base. • FDI & Exports: Government seeks to increase foreign direct investment (FDI) via stability and efficiency, including a single window for trade facilitation. Boosting exports through new markets and product diversification is deemed crucial. • Development Focus: Stressed need for zero corruption, comprehensive digitisation, and focused development of the education, transport and SME sectors. • Caution: Experts advised against taking on additional foreign debt for unproductive purposes and proposed establishing a 'bad bank' to absorb non-performing assets.

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Budget 2026: Balancing Reform & Recovery 📈

President/Finance Minister Anura Kumara Dissanayake presented the 2026 Budget, shifting focus from crisis management towards cautious reconstruction and institutionalising fiscal prudence. • Key Fiscal Targets: • Total Revenue & Grants projected at Rs. 5,300 Bn. • Tax Revenue targeted at 14.2% of GDP (Rs. 4,910 Bn). • Budget Deficit set at 5.1% of GDP (Rs. 1,757 Bn). • A Primary Surplus of 2.5% of GDP is targeted, aligning with IMF commitments. • Capital Investment is raised to 4% of GDP. • Tax Policy & Compliance: • Major base broadening: The VAT and SSCL thresholds are reduced from Rs. 60 Mn to Rs. 36 Mn per annum (eff. 1 April 2026) to formalise SMEs. • Digital compliance is prioritised via mandated e-invoicing and the revamped RAMIS 2.0 system. The VAT rate is retained at 18%. • Growth & Investment Focus: • Concessional Corporate Tax (15%) is maintained for sectors like IT, Renewable Energy, and Export Services. • Incentives (tax holidays/accelerated depreciation) are offered for investments in green energy, data centres, and technology parks. • Rs. 5 Bn allocated for plantation sector wage reform and productivity enhancement. • Social Protection: • Targeted welfare includes salary increases for teachers, principals, and plantation workers. • Rs. 20.75 Bn allocated for the “Praja Shakthi” program to decentralise local development. The Budget aims for macroeconomic stability anchored in development, digital transformation, and targeted social equity to rebuild trust and competitiveness.

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📈 CA Sri Lanka Budget 2026 Review: Integrity, Tax Reforms & Slow Recovery

• The seminar acknowledged Sri Lanka’s hard-earned progress (e.g., debt rating upgrade) but called for national financial integrity and collective stewardship from all stakeholders, especially the corporate sector. • Economic Reality Check: Recovery is deemed slow and difficult. Poverty has more than doubled (likely >30%), and real wages are 10-20% lower than eight years ago. A call was made for closer coordination between the Treasury (fiscal) and Central Bank (monetary). • Major Tax Policy Concerns (SVAT Abolition): • The primary concern for exporters and the apparel sector is potential cash flow delays from VAT refund issues following the abolition of the SVAT scheme. • IRD assured two special export refund units are established to expedite refunds within the mandated 45 days via a new risk-based system and proposed e-invoicing. • Revenue Generation & Expansion: • Government aims to meet targets by expanding the tax net, including imposing VAT/SSCL on imported fabric/oil and lowering the VAT/SSCL registration threshold from Rs. 60 Mn to Rs. 36 Mn annually. • Critique: Reducing the SSCL threshold was argued to be counterproductive due to the cascading nature of the tax. • Investor Confidence & Systemic Issues: • Initiatives to boost confidence include the proposed Investment Protection Act and a Single Window digital platform. • A significant need was highlighted for a tax ombudsman to resolve the massive amount of tax disputes resulting from the self-assessment system.

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📈 Treasury Secretary: SL Targets 7% GDP Growth via Six-Pillar Strategy & Digital Reform

• The economy has transitioned from crisis to stability, setting a medium-term goal of over 7% GDP growth through consistent policy action. The 2026 Budget emphasizes governance, fiscal discipline, and transparency to restore investor confidence. • Six Key Strategies: The Government's medium-term vision is driven by: inclusive growth, export diversification, sustainability in policy, production economy, rural development, and digital transformation. • Market confidence is deemed strong, evidenced by strengthened reserves (even after reopening vehicle imports) and the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) reaching record highs. Debt sustainability is reaffirmed, with foreign debt repayments continuing smoothly since 2024. • Key Reforms: • Governance reforms include the appointment of independent directors to SOE banks and the forthcoming SOE Holding Company Law. • Digitisation is fast-tracked via the Electronic National ID (eNIC) and National Single Window system. A three-stage digital invoicing system for tax reporting begins with exporters by end-2025. • A $5 million Digital Innovation Fund is allocated to accelerate investments in tech startups. • VAT threshold was reduced to widen the tax base and formalize informal businesses, while tax consistency for investors remains central to policy. • Investment attention is focused on roads, ports, and domestic airports expansion to support the tourism sector's growth. The Government is also actively reviewing existing and exploring new Free Trade Agreements (FTAs).

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🇱🇰 Fiscal Test Ahead: 2026 Revenue Targets "Ambitious" & Spending Rigid, Warns Economist 📈

Economist Dr. Roshan Perera has cautioned that while Budget 2026 sustains macroeconomic stability, achieving its fiscal goals—especially revenue—will be challenging, urging continued discipline after the IMF program. • Fiscal Discipline: Commends the plan for a fourth consecutive primary surplus in 2026, but warns that sustaining fiscal prudence post-IMF program is the "real test" of policy credibility. • Revenue Concerns: The 2026 revenue targets are seen as "ambitious" with few new tax measures. • Questions the sustainability of import-based tax revenue (e.g., vehicle imports) which boosted 2025, due to policy curbs (SSEL/LTV). • Cautions against overestimating near-term revenue gains from tax administration upgrades (e-invoicing, RAMIS 3.0) due to implementation complexity. • Notes the persistent tax mix imbalance (current 25:75 Direct:Indirect) disproportionately burdens low-income households. • Expenditure Rigidity: Urges rationalising recurrent spending. • The Wage bill is projected to remain high at 3.8% of GDP in 2026. • Questions the need for recruiting 75,000 new public servants given the existing 1.4-1.5 million civil service workforce. • Social Impact: Macro-stabilisation benefits are yet to reach ordinary citizens; growth is weak, and poverty remains above 20%. • Total social transfers (including Aswesuma) account for less than 1% of GDP, underscoring limited fiscal prioritisation for vulnerable groups.

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📈 SL 2026 Budget: Investor Demands Amidst Record CSE Rally

• The Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) ASPI reaching all-time highs signals surging domestic investor confidence, driven by lower interest rates, improving corporate earnings, and optimism about macroeconomic stability. • Investors expect the 2026 Budget to translate this market confidence into policy credibility to sustain capital market momentum. • Key Domestic Investor Expectations: • Fiscal Consistency: Steadfast commitment to the agreed fiscal consolidation path with a sustainable deficit, focusing on revenue goals through improved tax administration and base broadening, avoiding disruptive levies. • Corporate Growth: Measures to reduce the cost of doing business and provide incentives for export-oriented industries, manufacturing, and technology sectors to boost listed company profitability. • Market Depth: Initiatives to encourage new listings, particularly from State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), and broaden investor participation (e.g., reforms for pension/provident funds). • Crucial for Foreign Institutional Investor (FII) Re-entry: • Finalizing the remaining stages of external debt restructuring is paramount. • A clear timeline for structural reforms and SOE divestitures. • Improved governance, transparency, and ease of doing business. • The Budget must anchor the nation's journey from recovery to resilience; falling short on fiscal prudence and structural reforms risks triggering a market correction.

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📈 Advocata's 5 Fixes: Strategy Over Survival for SL's 2026 Budget

Advocata is calling for the 2026 Budget to abandon "cosmetic fixes" and implement five targeted, credible structural reforms to restore fairness, strengthen revenue, and accelerate growth. • Tax & Revenue: Replace the Port City's sweeping, costly blanket tax exemptions (up to 25 years) with performance-based tax credits. These credits must be tied to verifiable outcomes like job creation or capital investment, addressing Sri Lanka's low corporate tax revenue (2% of GDP in 2023 vs. 5.6% in Malaysia). • Agriculture Innovation: Pass a Plant Variety Protection Act (PVP) to grant breeders IP rights over new seeds. This is essential to unlock private investment in climate-resilient and high-yield crops, boosting sector productivity. • Land & Credit: Accelerate the Bim Saviya land titling program. After 25 years, only 1.1 million of 16 million land parcels are titled. Prioritizing this as an economic reform is critical, as clear titles can raise access to finance by up to 30%. • Trade Competitiveness: Fast-track the phase-out of Para Tariffs (Cess, PAL). The slow pace must be fixed using the Budget to finalize the elimination of Cess on manufacturing by end 2025. Trade openness has plummeted from over 100% of GDP in 2000 to just 63% by 2019. • Fiscal & Social: Modernize social protection. This includes transforming the EPF into a multi-fund system, introducing a contributory pension scheme for new public sector entrants (salaries/pensions consumed 43% of gov't revenue in 2023), and establishing national unemployment insurance.

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